Clinically Tested Ingredients

We selectively chose the most effective ingredients based on the latest scholarly articles. They are then tested by our team to ensure we deliver nothing but the best. Check out all of the potential benefits below!

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Vitamins

Vitamin A

Vitamin A palmitate is a form of vitamin A that is commonly used in supplements and fortified foods. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a number of important roles in the body, including:

Vision: Vitamin A is important for the health of the retina, the part of the eye that is responsible for detecting light and color. Adequate intake of vitamin A can help to reduce the risk of vision problems, such as night blindness.

Immune function: Vitamin A is involved in the production of white blood cells, which help to defend the body against infection and disease.

Skin health: Vitamin A can help to promote healthy skin by supporting the production of collagen, a protein that gives skin its structure and elasticity. It can also help to reduce the risk of acne and other skin conditions.

Bone health: Vitamin A is necessary for the normal growth and development of bones, and it may also help to prevent osteoporosis, a condition that causes bones to become weak and brittle.

Reproductive health: Vitamin A is important for the normal development of the reproductive system in both men and women, and it may also play a role in fertility.

It's worth noting that while vitamin A palmitate can provide these benefits, it's important to get your nutrients from a variety of sources, including a well-balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, and other whole foods.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin A:
Vitamin A and Carotenoids Fact Sheet: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminA-HealthProfessional/

Vitamin A Review: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-A

Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

Thiamine, also known as vitamin B1, is an essential nutrient that plays a number of important roles in the body. Thiamine hydrochloride (HCl) is a common form of thiamine that is used in supplements and fortified foods. Some potential benefits of thiamine include:

Energy production: Thiamine is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, and it helps to convert the energy from these nutrients into a form that the body can use.

Brain and nerve function: Thiamine is important for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system. It helps to maintain healthy nerve function and may also support cognitive function.

Heart health: Thiamine may help to support cardiovascular health by maintaining healthy heart function and reducing the risk of heart disease.

Eye health: Some research suggests that thiamine may be beneficial for eye health, particularly in people with certain conditions, such as glaucoma.

Alcoholism: Thiamine deficiency is common in people with alcoholism, and taking thiamine supplements may help to improve symptoms and prevent complications.

It's worth noting that while thiamine HCl can provide these benefits, it's important to get your nutrients from a variety of sources, including a well-balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, and other whole foods

Here are some additional resources for Thiamin:
Thiamin Fact Sheet: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Thiamin-HealthProfessional/

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient that plays a number of important roles in the body. Some potential benefits of riboflavin include:

Energy production: Riboflavin is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and it helps to convert the energy from these nutrients into a form that the body can use.

Red blood cell production: Riboflavin is necessary for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body.

Eye health: Riboflavin may help to support eye health by maintaining healthy vision and reducing the risk of certain eye conditions, such as cataracts.

Skin health: Riboflavin may help to promote healthy skin by supporting the production of collagen, a protein that gives skin its structure and elasticity.

Brain and nerve function: Riboflavin is important for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system, and it may also support cognitive function.

It's worth noting that while riboflavin can provide these benefits, it's important to get your nutrients from a variety of sources, including a well-balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, and other whole foods.

Here are some additional resources for Riboflavin:

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is an essential nutrient that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of niacin include:

Lowering cholesterol levels: Niacin has been shown to lower levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, and increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, also known as "good" cholesterol.

Improving heart health: By lowering cholesterol levels and improving circulation, niacin may help to reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Managing diabetes: Niacin may help to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels in people with diabetes.

Reducing inflammation: Niacin has anti-inflammatory properties, which may help to reduce inflammation in the body.

Boosting brain function: Niacin is involved in the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain. As a result, niacin may help to improve brain function and cognitive performance.

Promoting healthy skin: Niacin may help to improve the appearance of the skin by reducing redness and inflammation.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of niacin and to determine the appropriate dosage and duration of treatment. If you are interested in using niacin as a supplement, it's always a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional.

Here are some additional resources for Niacin:

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Pantothenic acid, also known as vitamin B5, is an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in many processes in the body. Some of the potential benefits of pantothenic acid include:

Metabolism: Pantothenic acid is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and it is necessary for the production of energy.

Skin health: Pantothenic acid may help to maintain healthy skin, hair, and nails.

Stress management: Pantothenic acid is involved in the production of the stress hormone cortisol, and it may help to reduce the effects of stress on the body.

Wound healing: Pantothenic acid may help to promote wound healing by supporting the growth and repair of tissues.

Brain function: Pantothenic acid is involved in the production of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain. As a result, pantothenic acid may help to improve brain function and cognitive performance.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of pantothenic acid and to determine the appropriate dosage and duration of treatment. If you are interested in using pantothenic acid as a supplement, it's always a good idea to speak with a healthcare professional.

Here are some additional resources for Pantothenic Acid:

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of vitamin B6 include:

Helping the body metabolize proteins and carbohydrates: Vitamin B6 is involved in the metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, which are important sources of energy for the body.

Maintaining healthy brain function: Vitamin B6 plays a role in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain.

Supporting immune system function: Vitamin B6 is important for the proper functioning of the immune system, and may help the body fight infections.

Reducing symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS): Some research suggests that vitamin B6 may be effective at reducing the severity of PMS symptoms such as bloating, breast tenderness, and mood changes.

Improving symptoms of anemia: Vitamin B6 may help improve the symptoms of anemia, a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.

Reducing the risk of heart disease: Some studies have found that higher levels of vitamin B6 may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin B6 and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin B6 supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin B6:

Biotin (Vitamin B7)

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of biotin include:
Supporting healthy hair and skin: Biotin is involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, which help to keep hair and skin healthy. Some people take biotin supplements to help improve the condition of their hair and skin.
Metabolizing carbohydrates and fats: Biotin helps the body convert carbohydrates and fats into energy, and is involved in the metabolism of proteins as well.
Maintaining healthy nerve function: Biotin is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system.
Supporting healthy pregnancy: Biotin may be important for the health of a developing fetus during pregnancy.
Reducing the risk of birth defects: Adequate intake of biotin may help reduce the risk of certain birth defects.
It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of biotin and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a biotin supplement.
Here are some additional resources for Biotin:

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of folate include:

Supporting DNA synthesis: Folate is essential for the synthesis of DNA, the genetic material that determines the characteristics of living organisms.

Maintaining proper brain function: Folate is important for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system.

Reducing the risk of birth defects: Adequate intake of folate during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of certain birth defects, including neural tube defects.

Reducing the risk of heart disease: Some studies have suggested that higher levels of folate may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Lowering the risk of some types of cancer: Some research has suggested that adequate intake of folate may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, including colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of folate and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a folate supplement.
Here are some additional resources for Folate:

Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of vitamin B12 include:

Supporting the production of red blood cells: Vitamin B12 is necessary for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissues.

Maintaining proper brain function: Vitamin B12 is important for the proper functioning of the brain and nervous system.

Helping to convert food into energy: Vitamin B12 is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and helps the body convert these nutrients into energy.

Reducing the risk of birth defects: Adequate intake of vitamin B12 during pregnancy may help reduce the risk of certain birth defects.

Lowering the risk of heart disease: Some studies have suggested that higher levels of vitamin B12 may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Improving symptoms of depression: Vitamin B12 may be effective at improving symptoms of depression in some people.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin B12 and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin B12 supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin B12:

Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of vitamin C include:
Supporting the immune system: Vitamin C is an important antioxidant that helps to support the immune system and protect the body from infection.
Helping to heal wounds: Vitamin C is necessary for the production of collagen, a protein that helps to form scars and repair damaged tissues.
Protecting against oxidative stress: Vitamin C helps to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, which can cause oxidative stress and contribute to the development of chronic diseases.
Reducing the risk of heart disease: Some studies have suggested that higher intake of vitamin C may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.
Improving symptoms of the common cold: While vitamin C is not a cure for the common cold, some research has suggested that it may help to reduce the severity and duration of cold symptoms.
It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin C and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin C supplement.
Here are some additional resources for Vitamin C:

Vitamin D3

Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. This is the same form of vitamin D that is synthesized from sunlight. Some benefits include:

Mood and Stress: Recent studies have suggested that low levels of vitamin D may be associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety. Vitamin D may play a role in the production of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which are chemicals in the brain that affect mood.

Nerve health: Low levels of vitamin D are also associated with decreased levels of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) which is a protein that supports the growth and survival of nerve cells.

Supporting bone health: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium, which is necessary for the development and maintenance of healthy bones.

Maintaining immune system function: Vitamin D helps to support the immune system and may help the body fight infections.

Reducing the risk of certain chronic diseases: Some studies have suggested that higher levels of vitamin D may be associated with a lower risk of certain chronic diseases, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Improving muscle function: Vitamin D is important for muscle function, and may help to prevent muscle weakness and falls in older adults.

Reducing the risk of certain types of cancer: Some research has suggested that adequate intake of vitamin D may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, including breast, prostate, and colon cancer.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin D and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin D supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin D3:

Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of vitamin E include:

Protecting cells from oxidative stress: Vitamin E is an important antioxidant that helps to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body, which can cause oxidative stress and contribute to the development of chronic diseases.

Supporting immune system function: Vitamin E may help to support the immune system and protect the body from infection.

Reducing the risk of heart disease: Some studies have suggested that higher intake of vitamin E may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Improving symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: Some research has suggested that vitamin E may be effective at improving cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease.

Reducing the risk of certain types of cancer: Some studies have suggested that higher intake of vitamin E may be associated with a lower risk of certain types of cancer, including breast and prostate cancer.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin E and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin E supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin E:

Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2, also known as menaquinone, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a variety of important roles in the body. Some of the potential benefits of vitamin K2 include:

Supporting bone health: Vitamin K2 is important for the synthesis of proteins that are involved in bone metabolism and may help to maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin K2 when paired with magnesium activates a protein called osteocalcin, which is responsible for binding calcium to the bone matrix. Osteocalcin also regulates the metabolism of other minerals, including magnesium, thus helping to keep them in the proper balance.

Maintaining cardiovascular health: Some studies have suggested that higher intake of vitamin K2 may be associated with a lower risk of heart disease.

Improving insulin sensitivity: Vitamin K2 may help to improve insulin sensitivity, which can help to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Reducing the risk of certain types of cancer: Some research has suggested that higher intake of vitamin K2 may be associated with a lower risk of certain types of cancer, including prostate, breast, and liver cancer.

It's important to note that more research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of vitamin K2 and to determine the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a vitamin K2 supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Vitamin K2:

Minerals

Calcium

Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a vital role in many bodily functions. Some of the main benefits of calcium include:

Building and maintaining strong bones and teeth: Calcium is an important component of the mineralized matrix that makes up bones and teeth. It helps to strengthen and mineralize bones, which can reduce the risk of fractures and osteoporosis.

Regulating muscle function: Calcium is involved in the contraction and relaxation of muscles, including the heart muscle. It helps to regulate heart rhythms and can help to prevent muscle spasms and cramps.

Controlling blood pressure: Calcium plays a role in regulating blood pressure by helping to constrict and dilate blood vessels.

Facilitating blood clotting: Calcium is necessary for the production of blood clots, which help to stop bleeding when you are injured.

Helping with weight management: Some research suggests that higher calcium intake may be associated with a lower body weight.

Supporting nerve function: Calcium is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, which is necessary for normal nerve function.

Overall, calcium is an important nutrient that is necessary for many bodily functions. It is important to get enough calcium in your diet to maintain good health. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a calcium supplement.

Here are some additional resources for Calcium:

Chromium

Chromium is a trace mineral that is found in small amounts in the body. It is an essential nutrient, which means that it is necessary for the body to function properly, but the body only needs it in very small amounts. Some of the potential benefits of chromium include:

Regulating blood sugar: Chromium is thought to help the body use insulin more effectively, which can help to regulate blood sugar levels. This may be especially beneficial for people with diabetes or prediabetes.

Improving cholesterol levels: Some research suggests that chromium may help to lower LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels and increase HDL ("good") cholesterol levels.

Enhancing weight loss: Some studies have found that chromium supplements may help to reduce body weight and body fat in people who are overweight or obese.

Improving symptoms of depression: Some research suggests that chromium supplements may help to reduce symptoms of depression in people with depression or other mood disorders.

Reducing the risk of heart disease: Some studies have found that chromium supplements may help to reduce the risk of heart disease, although more research is needed to confirm this.

It is important to note that the evidence for the benefits of chromium is still in research for full understanding. It is also important to talk to a healthcare provider before taking any dietary supplements, as they can interact with certain medications and have potential side effects.

Here are some additional resources for Chromium:

Magnesium

Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a number of important roles in the body. Some of the benefits of magnesium include:

Muscle and Nerve Function: Magnesium is necessary for the proper functioning of muscles and nerves. It helps regulate muscle contractions and is involved in the transmission of nerve impulses.

Immune Support: Magnesium helps support the immune system by activating T-cells, which are important for fighting off infections.

Regulate Blood Sugar Levels: Magnesium plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and the synthesis of protein. It may also help regulate blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Regulate Blood Pressure: Magnesium helps regulate blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels and decreasing the production of the hormone aldosterone, which can cause the body to retain sodium and water.

Bone Bealth: Magnesium helps regulate calcium and vitamin D metabolism, which are important for maintaining strong bones. It may also help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.

Reduce the Risk of Heart Disease: Magnesium may help reduce the risk of heart disease by decreasing inflammation, improving blood flow, and regulating blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

Reduce the Risk of Migraines: Some studies suggest that magnesium may be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of migraines.

Helps with Sleep: Magnesium plays a role in the production of melatonin, a hormone that helps regulate sleep. Some research suggests that magnesium supplements may improve sleep quality and duration.

Other Health Benefits: Magnesium may have other potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of stroke, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing the risk of colon cancer. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.
Overall, magnesium is an important nutrient that is necessary for many bodily functions. It is important to get enough magnesium in your diet to maintain good health. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a magnesium supplement.

Here are some additional resources for magnesium:

Manganese

Manganese is an essential trace mineral that plays a number of important roles in the body. Some of the benefits of manganese include:
Metabolism cholesterol: Manganese is necessary for the proper metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and cholesterol. It is also involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and the production of energy.
Bone Health: Manganese is important for the metabolism of minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, which are necessary for strong bones. It may also help reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Wound Healing: Manganese may help with the production of collagen, a protein that is important for wound healing.
Antioxidant Effects: Manganese has antioxidant properties, which means it may help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Thyroid Function: Manganese is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, which helps regulate metabolism and energy production.
Cognitive Function: Some research suggests that manganese may have a positive effect on cognitive function, including memory and learning.
Other Health Benefits: Manganese may have other potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing the risk of asthma. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.
Overall, manganese is an important nutrient that is necessary for many bodily functions. It is important to get enough manganese in your diet to maintain good health. As with any supplement, it's important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting a manganese supplement.

Here are some additional resources for manganese:

Potassium

Potassium is an essential mineral that plays a number of important roles in the body. Some of the benefits of potassium include:

Helps regulate heart function: Potassium is necessary for the proper functioning of the heart and helps regulate heart rhythm. It may also help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular diseases.

Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance: Potassium helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body by regulating the balance of fluids inside and outside of cells.

Helps build proteins and muscle: Potassium is necessary for the synthesis of proteins and the building of muscle. It also helps maintain muscle strength and function.

Helps regulate blood sugar levels: Potassium plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates and may help regulate blood sugar levels.

May have other potential health benefits: Potassium may have other potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of kidney stones, improving bone density, and reducing the risk of colon cancer. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

It is important to get enough potassium in your diet to support these functions, but it is also important to be mindful of your potassium intake, as getting too much potassium can be harmful. It is generally recommended to consume at least 4,700 milligrams of potassium per day.

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Sodium

Sodium is a mineral that plays an essential role in the body. Some of the benefits of sodium include:

Maintaining fluid balance: Sodium helps to regulate the balance of fluids in and around cells, which is important for proper cell function.

Nerve and muscle function: Sodium is necessary for the proper function of nerves and muscles, including the contraction and relaxation of muscles.

Blood pressure regulation: Sodium helps to regulate blood pressure by controlling the amount of fluid in the blood vessels.

Acid-base balance: Sodium is involved in maintaining the proper pH balance in the body.

Blood sugar regulation: Sodium helps to regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the movement of glucose into cells.

Digestion: Sodium is necessary for the proper absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

However, it's important to note that too much sodium can have negative effects on the body, including an increased risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke. The American Heart Association recommends that adults should consume no more than 2,300 milligrams (mg) of sodium per day, or about 1 teaspoon of salt. It's important to note that most of the sodium in the typical American diet comes from packaged and processed foods, so it's important to read the nutrition labels and choose low-sodium options.

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Zinc

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many of the body's functions. Some of the benefits of zinc include:

Immune system support: Zinc is necessary for the proper function of the immune system, and is often used as a supplement to support the body's ability to fight off infections.

Wound healing: Zinc plays a role in the production of collagen, which is necessary for wound healing.

Taste and smell: Zinc is important for the sense of taste and smell.

Cell growth and division: Zinc is necessary for the proper growth and division of cells.

Protein synthesis: Zinc is involved in the synthesis of proteins in the body.

Hormone production: Zinc is necessary for the production of hormones such as testosterone.

Eye health: Zinc is important for the health of the retina and the function of the eye.

Skin health: Zinc is necessary for the health of the skin and can help to prevent acne.

Zinc is an essential mineral, meaning that the body does not produce it on its own, and it must be obtained from the diet. Zinc is found in a variety of foods including seafood, meat, and dairy products. Zinc deficiency is relatively rare in developed countries but it can occur in people with malabsorption conditions, such as Crohn's disease or sickle cell anemia. It's important to note that the appropriate dosage of zinc should be determined by a healthcare professional, as high levels of zinc can be harmful.

Here are some additional resources for Zinc:

Nootropics

Choline

Choline is an essential nutrient that has several benefits for the human body. Some of the main benefits include:

Brain Health: Choline is a precursor to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is involved in memory, learning, and other cognitive processes. Supplementation with choline can help to increase the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, which can improve cognitive function and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

Liver Function: Choline helps to emulsify fats in the liver, which can prevent the accumulation of fat and protect against liver damage. This is achieved by helping the liver to convert fats into compounds that can be easily excreted from the body.

Nervous System Function: Choline is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and can help to reduce inflammation and protect against neurodegenerative diseases. This is achieved by maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane and supporting the production of acetylcholine.

Pregnancy and Lactation: Choline is important for fetal brain development and is also needed for lactation. Choline is critical for the formation of the neural tube and the development of the brain and spinal cord during prenatal development. It also plays a role in lactation by supporting the production of milk.

Heart Health: Adequate intake of choline may lower inflammation and homocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked to heart disease.

Metabolism: Choline is important for the metabolism of fat, and it plays a role in the transportation of fats out of the liver.

It is important to note that, Choline is not produced by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. Some good sources are eggs, meat, fish, dairy, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower.

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Guarana Extract

Guarana extract is derived from the seeds of the guarana plant, which is native to the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. It is commonly used as a stimulant and energy booster due to its high caffeine content. Some of the potential benefits of guarana extract include:

Increased Energy and Mood: Guarana extract contains caffeine, which can increase energy levels and improve mental alertness. Caffeine is a stimulant that can help to increase alertness and improve cognitive function, including attention and mood. It does this by blocking the action of adenosine, a neurotransmitter that promotes feelings of fatigue and drowsiness. Caffeine can also enhance the release of other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine.

Improved Physical Performance: Guarana extract may also improve physical performance by reducing fatigue and increasing endurance.

Weight Loss: Guarana extract may help with weight loss by increasing metabolism and reducing appetite.

Improved Memory and Brain Function: Some studies have suggested that guarana extract may improve memory and cognitive function, although more research is needed to confirm these effects.

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory: Guarana extract may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which may help protect against certain diseases and help reduce chronic pain.

It is important to note that since guarana extract contains 22% caffeine by mass it should not be taken near bedtime. Some studies have shown that avoiding caffeine 6 hours before bed will help with sleep quality and duration. A good rule of thumb is to avoid products that contain caffeine after noon.

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Tyrosine

Tyrosine is an amino acid that is used by the body to produce several important neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These neurotransmitters are involved in regulating mood, attention, and other cognitive functions. Some of the potential benefits of tyrosine include:

Improved Mood: Tyrosine may help to improve mood by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

Improved Brain Function: Tyrosine may help to improve cognitive performance in situations of high stress or cognitive demand, such as multitasking, working in extreme temperatures or during sleep deprivation.

Focus and Attention: Tyrosine may also help to increase focus and attention by boosting the levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Reduced Depression and Anxiety: Tyrosine may also help to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Improved Physical Performance: Tyrosine may improve physical performance during extreme conditions such as cold or high altitude, by maintaining the levels of norepinephrine.

It is important to note that, tyrosine supplements should be taken under guidance of a health professional, and it may interact with certain medications such as antidepressants, blood pressure medications, and thyroid hormones.

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L-Theanine

L-Theanine is an amino acid found primarily in tea leaves, specifically in green tea. L-Theanine is known for promoting a state of relaxation and calm without causing drowsiness. Some of the potential benefits of L-Theanine include:

Reducing stress and anxiety: L-Theanine has been shown to increase levels of GABA, a neurotransmitter that promotes relaxation and reduces feelings of stress and anxiety. It also increases the production of serotonin and dopamine, which are involved in regulating mood and emotions. It also modulates the release of cortisol, a hormone released in response to stress.

Improving sleep: L-Theanine may help to improve sleep quality by promoting relaxation and reducing feelings of stress and anxiety, which can make it easier to fall asleep and stay asleep.

Enhancing cognitive function: L-Theanine has been shown to improve attention, memory, and reaction time, by increasing the activity of the alpha brain waves, which are associated with a state of relaxation and alertness. It also helps to reduce symptoms of ADHD by reducing the symptoms of restlessness and impulsivity.

Improving Heart Health: L-Theanine may help to lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and improve cholesterol levels by reducing the levels of stress and anxiety and promoting relaxation.

Reducing Symptoms of PMS: L-Theanine may also help to reduce symptoms of PMS such as anxiety, irritability, and depression by promoting relaxation and reducing feelings of stress and anxiety.

It is important to note that, L-Theanine supplements should be taken under guidance of a health professional, and it may interact with certain medications such as sedatives and anti-anxiety medication. L-Theanine is generally considered safe and most of the studies done on L-Theanine have been conducted using dosages of 200-400mg, which is the typical effective dosage found in supplements. Also, L-Theanine should not be taken by people with a history of allergies or sensitivities to tea.

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Taurine

Taurine is an amino acid that is found in high concentrations in the brain, heart, and muscles. It is known for its many health benefits and is commonly used as a dietary supplement. Some of the potential benefits of Taurine include:

Heart health: Taurine has been shown to have a positive effect on heart health by lowering blood pressure and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It does this by regulating the levels of electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium in the body which are important for maintaining normal heart function.

Brain health: Taurine has been shown to have a positive effect on brain health by improving cognitive function and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. It does this by regulating the levels of neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate, which are involved in regulating mood and cognitive function.

Exercise performance: Taurine has been shown to improve exercise performance by increasing endurance, strength, and power. It does this by regulating the levels of electrolytes and amino acids in the body which are important for maintaining normal muscle function.

Antioxidant properties: Taurine has antioxidant properties, which help to protect the body against damage from free radicals, which are molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the development of chronic diseases.

Improving insulin sensitivity: Taurine may help to improve insulin sensitivity, which is the body's ability to respond to insulin and regulate blood sugar levels. This can be beneficial for people with diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes.

It is important to note that, Taurine is generally considered safe when consumed in moderate amounts, and most of the studies done on Taurine have been conducted using dosages of 1000-2000mg, which is the typical dosage found in supplements. Additionally, Taurine should not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with liver or kidney problems should consult a healthcare provider before taking Taurine supplements.

Here are some additional resources for Taurine: